Tee

The pipe tee is a fundamental fitting used to branch flow within process piping systems. It connects three pipe sections, allowing fluid to be directed from a single inlet into two outlets, or combined from two inlets into one outlet. Tees are available in equal configurations — where all three openings share the same nominal bore — and reducing configurations, where the branch outlet is smaller than the run.

Material Options

Tees are manufactured in a range of materials to suit diverse process environments and fluid compatibility requirements:

• Carbon Steel (CS): Suitable for general-purpose industrial and process applications where corrosion resistance is not a primary concern.
• Stainless Steel 304: Offers good corrosion resistance for food-grade, chemical, and general process service.
• Stainless Steel 316 / 316L: Enhanced molybdenum content provides superior resistance to chlorides and aggressive chemicals; 316L low-carbon grade minimises sensitisation risk in welded assemblies.
• Galvanized Iron: Zinc-coated for atmospheric and water service applications where moderate corrosion protection is required.

Types

Two primary configurations are available to accommodate different piping layouts:

• Equal Tee: All three openings have the same nominal pipe size, providing uniform flow distribution across the branch.
• Reducing Tee: The branch outlet is a smaller nominal size than the run, enabling flow to be diverted to a smaller downstream line without the need for an additional reducer fitting.

End Connections

Three end-connection types are offered to match installation method and pressure class requirements:

• Butt-Weld (BW): Bevelled pipe ends are welded directly to the pipe, producing a flush, full-penetration joint ideal for high-pressure and high-temperature service.
• Socket Weld (SW): Pipe is inserted into a recessed socket and fillet-welded, commonly used for smaller bore lines in high-pressure service.
• Threaded (NPT/BSP): Screwed connections allow tool-only assembly without welding, suited to lower-pressure utility and instrument lines.

Size Range & Standards

Tees are available across a wide size range from 1/8" to 72" nominal pipe size. Dimensional and manufacturing standards are as follows:

• ASME B16.9: Governs factory-made wrought butt-welding fittings, covering dimensions, tolerances, and pressure ratings for butt-weld tees.
• ASME B16.11: Covers forged fittings including socket weld and threaded tees, specifying pressure classes 2000, 3000, and 6000.

Typical Applications

Pipe tees are widely used across oil and gas, petrochemical, power generation, water treatment, and general process industries. Common applications include distribution headers, bypass lines, instrument take-offs, utility manifolds, and any piping configuration requiring a 90° branch connection from the main run.